Medical devices · Diagnostics · Digital health
US market access strategy that brings regulatory, reimbursement, and commercial planning together from the start.
dougherty.consulting is an independent consultancy for medical device, diagnostics, IVD, and digital health companies bringing products to the US healthcare market. We work with founders, leadership teams, and investors from proof of concept to market adoption.
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An integrated US market access strategy
The US healthcare market is fragmented, with many decision makers, each with their own requirements and timelines. FDA decides whether a medical product may enter into commercial distribution in the US and which claims can be made to promote it. Separately, coverage and payment decisions are made by Original Medicare, Medicare Advantage, other government payers, and hundreds of commercial health plans. Clinicians, hospitals, and health systems determine how the product improves clinical outcomes and whether to purchase it for use with their patients, and clinicians and specialty societies decide whether it fits into clinical practice. The practice of medicine often differs from one jurisdiction to another. We help clients understand clinical practice flow in the US, including the sites of service where certain procedures are performed, who performs them, relevant treatment guidelines issued by specialty societies, and how these affect potential coverage and payment for new technologies.
Marketing authorization by FDA does not by itself make a product reimbursable, and many of the decisions that determine whether a new product is adopted are made early in the planning process: labeling shapes the target patient populations and identifies key payers, the site of service determines payment systems, and the payment systems affect whether a clinician, hospital, or health system can make the economics work.
Our US market access work brings these sometimes conflicting priorities into a single, milestone-based strategic plan, in which each step funds and de-risks the next, and each stage produces assets that the next one builds on: regulatory strategy, data, customer relationships, and broad product adoption.
Regulatory pathway and claims
We advise clients on regulatory pathways for their products (510(k), De Novo, PMA), Breakthrough Device designation, or, where appropriate, a non-device route for general wellness or clinical decision support products, with evidence planning to support product claims and communication with FDA to confirm the intended approach.
FDA follows how companies and their customers promote new products on their websites, in marketing materials, and on social media, and reads claims made as evidence of intended use. We help clients build a claims architecture in which the indication, the label, and the commercial message are consistent and comply with all applicable regulations. We also help clients monitor promotion after authorization.
Care pathway and site of service
Patients move through the health system along evidence-based care pathways. Some products can be meaningfully introduced at different points along the treatment pathway. We analyze the volume of patients at different nodes along the pathway to advise clients on where appropriate patients can be identified and reached, and help them prioritize steps to enter the market at each of these points over time. In some cases, engaging patients earlier on the care pathway can help grow the number of accessible patients downstream.
In addition, the same product may be paid differently depending on the site of service in which it is used.
Coding, coverage, and payment
A reimbursement roadmap is built around the site of service in which medical products are used. In some settings, new, product-specific coding helps differentiate product value and drives adoption; in others, where no product-specific coding or additional product-specific payment is available, new products are valued through the existing payment for the procedure or episode of care, and adoption depends on the savings or efficiencies they bring to clinicians, hospitals, and health systems.
The same technology may be paid separately in some sites of service and bundled into existing payments in others.
The roadmap sets out whether existing CPT and HCPCS codes describe the service or whether new, unique coding is needed, how coverage will be established with Medicare contractors, Medicare Advantage plans, and commercial payers, and what payment level the service can support. Payment targets are benchmarked to comparable services, and a claims record is built from the first commercial use so that new codes can be valued on documented experience, in addition to specialty society questionnaires.
Customer value and adoption
Clinicians, hospitals, and health systems respond to product value when it is presented in the terms most relevant to them: improved clinical outcomes, patient satisfaction, increased throughput, lower cost per episode of care, improved margins, etc. We build customer-specific economic models and help identify clinical champions and leading hospitals and health systems where clients may establish a US beachhead from which they can build a clinical and commercial network. Real-world data and a US track record then strengthen a company's position as it reaches out to subsequent customers.
Evidence across stakeholders
Robust clinical and economic evidence is the connective tissue across all of these. FDA, payers, clinicians, hospitals, health systems, investors, and patient groups each ask different questions of the same data.
An integrated evidence development plan inventories existing evidence assets, including evidence developed both in the US and in other markets where study subjects are similar to US patient populations, and identifies the gaps. It then lays out a single plan, with study options, timelines, and costs, that answers as many of those questions as possible, so the company can grow its evidence base over time with new studies and analyses.
Clinical trial reimbursement and early payment pathways
For some investigational devices, Medicare may cover the routine costs of care in qualifying clinical studies conducted before marketing authorization, which can reduce trial cost.
Soon after marketing authorization, other pathways can help build the experience and evidence needed for payment and product adoption, including Medicare coverage pathways for devices with Breakthrough designation, and pilot studies or shared-savings arrangements with integrated delivery networks and Medicare Advantage plans.
Steps companies can take before entering the US
For companies based outside the US, important steps to the US market can be started at home, including adding validated endpoints to upcoming protocols, registering studies on ClinicalTrials.gov, and capturing operating data at current sites to build the economic case for adoption. Companies can also align quality systems with ISO 13485, which FDA has incorporated into its quality management system regulation, and prepare documentation for IRB review and terms for data governance that permit use of data in US submissions, consistent with GDPR requirements where they apply. Reviewing English-language materials for claims that FDA might otherwise read as medical helps keep messaging compliant from the start.
These efforts help clients build toward a single, integrated roadmap: the right sequencing of steps; milestones and a timeline tied to product development requirements, company culture, and financial resources; anticipated risks and mitigation strategies; and the personnel and funding required. Leadership teams often use these roadmaps with their boards, investors, and partners.
Services
Engagements are structured around client needs on an hourly, fixed-fee, or retainer basis.
Regulatory strategy
Premarket pathways (510(k), De Novo, PMA), Pre-Submission meetings with FDA, Breakthrough Device designation, SaMD and AI technologies, and joint FDA/CMS program engagement.
Reimbursement and market access
Coverage, CPT/HCPCS coding, and payment strategy across hospital inpatient, outpatient, physician office, postacute, and home settings.
Health economics
Customer-specific value and budget impact models, developed to allow potential customers to run scenarios using their own data.
Market research and targeting
Site-of-service assessment, competitor analysis, facility and clinical champion targeting, and sales account mapping.
Evidence planning
Aligning clinical trial design and postmarket observational studies with what FDA, payers, clinicians, hospitals, health systems, investors, and patient groups expect.
Investor support
Investor presentations, messaging, financial modeling, and regulatory and reimbursement due diligence.
Representative engagements
Following are a few examples of recent engagements:
Regulatory strategy, health economics, and inpatient market research for a respiratory monitor intended for inpatient and ambulatory use.
Market access strategy for monitoring technology used in subacute and chronic stroke care.
Clinical trial design, market access, and surgeon targeting for a European company with surgical planning technology.
US market access strategy and plan for an EU-based company developing home-use technology for malignant pleural effusion.
US market access strategy for a US-based startup developing noninvasive cardiovascular diagnostic imaging with accuracy comparable to coronary CT angiography (CCTA), without the risks associated with contrast.
Breakthrough Device designation request for a new diagnostic tool for retinal disease.
About
The practice is led by Edward (Ed) Dougherty, who has spent over 30 years advising device, diagnostics, and life sciences companies on US regulatory, reimbursement, and policy questions, much of it inside Washington, DC law, advocacy, and consulting firms, including Dentons, ArentFox Schiff, and Faegre Drinker.
Ed has joined clients in meetings with FDA reviewers and payer decision makers, prepared CPT and HCPCS code applications, and written comments on CMS rulemaking. He speaks regularly on US market access, including programs for EIT Health, Global Tech Advocates, the Centre for Aging + Brain Health Innovation (CABHI), Cancer Research UK's Cancer Tech Accelerator, the NHS Clinical Entrepreneur Programme, and the Johner Institute.
Planning a US launch?
If you are planning US market access for a product in the next few years, we would be glad to talk it through.
ed@dougherty.consulting